GALLERY
A gallery is a strip of metal that is perforated with a decorative pattern. Open galleries can be adapted by jewelers to use as a ready-made claw setting for gemstones.

GARNET
Garnets are any of a group of semi-precious silicate stones that range in color from red to green (garnets occur in all colors but blue). Some garnets used as gemstones include pyrope (the deep red garnet), almandine, spessartine, grossular, the iron-aluminum dark red garnet (also known as the carbuncle stone), Uvarovite (rare), and the lustrous Andradite (which includes the valuable green demantoid garnet, Topazolite , and Melanite). Red garnet is the birthstone for January. Garnet has a hardness of 6-8 and a specific gravity of 3.5 - 4.3.

Types of Garnet:

Grossular - Colorless, orange, yellow, pink, or brown
Pyrope - Colorless, pink, or red
Pyrope Almadine - Red-orange to red-purple
Almandine spessartine - Red-orange
Chrome pyrope - Orange-red
Almandine - Orange-red to purple-red
Hessonite - Yellow-orange to red
Spessartine - Yellow-orange
Topazolite - Yellow to orange-yellow
Malaia - Yellow to red-orange to brown
Andradite - Yellow-green to orange-yellow to black
Demantoid - Green to yellow green andradite
Tsavorite - Green to yellow-green
Pyrope-Spessartine - Green-yellow to purple
Color-change garnet - Blue green in sunlight; purple-red in incandescent light
Transvaal "jade" - Bright green grossular garnet
Uvarovite - Emerald green
Grape - purple
Rhodolite - Purple-red
Xalostocite - Pink grossular garnet

GEMSTONE
A gemstone (also called a precious stone) is a mineral that is valuable, rare and often beautiful. A few organic materials, like amber, coral and pearls are also considered gemstones.

GIA face=Verdana size=2>
GIA stands for the Gemological Institute of America.

GIPSY SETTING
The gipsy setting is a recessed setting in which the stone is sunk into the metal. There are often engraved designs around the stone (especially star patterns). This type of setting was developed in the late 1800's and was often used for rings. The gipsy setting is also known as the "star setting."

GIRANDOLE
A girandole is a kind of earring or brooch in which three pearls, stones or pendants hang from a large stone. The central drop is usually larger than the other pendants.

GIRDLE
The girdle is the widest perimeter of a gemstone.

GLYPTOGRAPHY
Glyptography is the art of engraving gemstones, making intaglio and cameos. Stones are engraved using grindstones with powdered emory or diamond as an abrasive

GOLD face=Verdana size=2>
Gold is a precious metal that is very soft when pure (24 Kt.). Gold is the most malleable (hammerable) and ductile (able to be made into wire) metal. Gold is alloyed (mixed with other metals, usually silver and copper) to make it less expensive and harder. The purity of gold jewelry is measured in karats. Some countries hallmark gold with a three-digit number that indicates the parts per thousand of gold. In this system, "750" means 750/1000 gold (equal to 18K); "500" means 500/1000 gold (equal to 12K). Alloyed gold comes in many colors:

Yellow Gold - 50% silver and 50% copper
White Gold - Nickel, zinc, copper, tin and manganese
Pink (rose) Gold - 90% copper and 10% silver
Green Gold - High proportion of silver or cadmium
Blue Gold - Some iron
Grey Gold - 15-20% iron

Karat - Percent Gold :

24 Kt. - 100% Gold
18 Kt. - 75% Gold
14 Kt. - 58.3% Gold
10 Kt. - 41.7% Gold

GOLD DORE face=Verdana size=2>
Gold dor? (pronounced gold doh-ray) is a bar of semi-purified gold (e.g. bullion). After being mined, the first stage in the purification process of the gold ore produces a cast bar (gold dore) that is approximately 90% gold. The other 10% is mostly metals like silver and copper.

GOLD FILLED
Gold filled (abbreviated G.F. or written as "doubl? d'or") jewelry is made of a thin outer layer of gold atop a base metal. For example, jewelry marked 1/20 G.F. 12 Kt. is at least 1/20th gold and is layered with 12 karat gold. To be classified as gold-filled, a piece must be at least 1/20 gold by weight.

GOLD PLATED
Gold-plated metal has a very thin layer of gold on the surface, usually applied by the process of electroplating. Pieces that are gold plated are often marked G.E.P., gold electroplate, gold plated, or electro-plaqu? d'or.

GRADUATED
A graduated necklace of beads or pearls has beads that go from a small size in the back of the neck and gradually increase in size to a maximum in the front of the necklace.

GRAIN
A grain is a unit of weight used for diamonds and natural pearls. Four grains are equal to one carat.

GRANULATION
Granulation is a method of decorating metal with tiny metallic spheres. Tiny beads of metal are soldered to the surface to form a pattern.

GRELOT
Grelots are small beads that have an elongated, pendant shape.

GUILLOCHE
Guilloche is a type of enameling in which translucent enamel (fused glass) is applied over a metal surface that has been engraved. The Czech guilloche pin above is studded with marcasites.